List of constitutional officers in Bijhan and Laharn

Constitutional officers in Bijhan and Laharn are individuals who, by virtue of their elected or appointed office, have the duty and authority to exercise such powers and functions of government as their constitutions prescribe.

Bijhan and Laharn is a sovereign state with a federal government and two constituent state governments. Each of the three governments has its own constitution, executives, legislatures, and judiciaries.

United Republic of Bijhan and Laharn

The United Republic is constituted as a directorial-style republic. in which a college of several people jointly exercise the powers of head of state and head of government.

President and Vice President of the Presidential Council

The President and Vice President of the Presidential Council are elected from among its members to a five-year term. They must hail from different constituent states, and the offices of President and Vice President alternate between them every fifteen months during their term. The President represents the Presidential Council as head of state, and performs many of the ceremonial and diplomatic duties normally performed by a president or monarch in other countries. The Vice President assists the President in his duties and serves as acting President during the President's absence from the state or due to ill health.

Presidential Council	Term of office		Name	Home state	Political party		Term as President	Term as Vice President
1st	1 July 1993	1 July 1998	Antono Starivo 1936–2017 (Lived: 81 years)	Bijhan		Independence Party of Bijhan	1 July 1993 – 1 October 1994 1 January 1996 – 1 April 1997	1 October 1994 – 1 January 1996 1 April 1997 – 1 July 1998
			Aleĉjo Sorihalo born 1944 (Age: 75 years)	Laharn		New Democratic Party	1 October 1994 – 1 January 1996 1 April 1997 – 1 July 1998	1 July 1993 – 1 October 1994 1 January 1996 – 1 April 1997
2nd	1 July 1998	1 July 2003					1 July 1998 – 1 October 1999 1 January 2001 – 1 April 2002	1 October 1999 – 1 January 2001 1 April 2002 – 1 July 2003
							1 October 1999 – 1 January 2001 1 April 2002 – 1 July 2003	1 July 1998 – 1 October 1999 1 January 2001 – 1 April 2002

Presidential Council

The Presidential Council of the United Republic the collective head of state and head of government, and is elected by the Federal Parliament every five years, just after each federal election. It consists of six voting members, divided proportionally between the states by population, and a variable number of non-voting members. Ministerial portfolios are assigned among the members either by the Council itself, or failing that, by the political parties in order by their representation in the Senate.

The members are elected on a single list by a majority vote in both chambers, provided at least 24 senators from each constituent state voted in favor. Vacancies in the Presidential Council are filled in the same manner. Although members of the Presidential Council are permitted to resign, there exists no mechanism in the constitution by which a member can be removed from office prior to the expiry of his term. Unlike in parliamentary systems, there is no relationship of confidence between the federal parliament and the Presidential Council.

Council	Election	Term of office		Member	State	Political party		Voting member?
1st	1993	1 July 1993	1 July 1998	Mateo Desomet	Bijhan		Bijhanian Democratic Party	Voting
				Georgo Ivalo	Bijhan		Independence Party of Bijhan	Voting
				Lisandro Kiomas	Laharn		Socialist Party	Voting
				Tomaso Nomuo	Laharn		New Democratic Party	Non-Voting
				Tondro Ofon	Bijhan		Independence Party of Bijhan	Voting
				Aleĉjo Sorihalo	Laharn		New Democratic Party	Voting
				Antono Starivo	Bijhan		Independence Party of Bijhan	Voting
				Tonomo Trema	Bijhan		Independence Party of Bijhan	Non-Voting
				Danielo Vol	Bijhan		Independence Party of Bijhan	Non-Voting
2nd	1998	1 July 1998	1 July 2003

State of Bijhan

Bijhan is constituted as a presidential-style republic, in which a President and Vice President are popularly elected on the same ticket to serve an eight-year term, with no term limits. The President nominates the heads of the executive offices who, upon confirmation by the State Council, serve at the President's pleasure. The Vice President is ex officio the Chairperson of the State Council, but may exercise a casting vote only in the case of a tie. The Vice President also succeeds to the presidency in the event of a vacancy in the latter office,as Joru Kivik did in 1996 upon the death of Menit Hanadani.

President

№	Name	Political Party		Term of office		Election	Vice President
1	Menit Hanadani 1914–1996 (Lived: 82 years)		Independence Party of Bijhan	1 January 1988	1 January 1996	1987	Joru Kivik
				1 January 1996	16 August 1996	1995	Joru Kivik
2	Joru Kivik 1931-2010 (Lived: 79 years)		Independence Party of Bijhan	16 August 1996	1 January 2004		vacant (16 August 1996 – 1 October 1996)
							Joru Dremna (1 October 1996 – 1 January 2004)
				1 January 2004	28 May 2010	2003	Joru Dremna
3	Joru Dremna 1941-2014 (Lived: 73 years)		Independence Party of Bijhan	28 May 2010	1 January 2012		vacant (28 May 2010 – 1 July 2010)
							Rafaelo Naviako (1 July 2010 – 1 January 2012)
				1 January 2012	26 July 2014	2011	Rafaelo Naviako
4	Rafaelo Naviako born 1948 (Age: 71 years)		Independence Party of Bijhan	26 July 2014	Present		vacant (26 July 2014 – 1 September 2014)
							Mateo Hajardu (1 September 2014 – 5 October 2017)
							Rikardo Geterko (5 October 2017 — Present)

^ Joru Kivik was elected vice president at the 1995 election, and succeeded to the presidency on the death of Menit Hanadani.

^ Joru Dremna was elected vice president at the 2003 election, and succeeded to the presidency on the death of Joru Kivik.

^ Rafaelo Naviako was elected vice president at the 2011 election, and succeeded to the presidency on the death of Joru Dremna.

Vice President

№	Name	Political Party		Term of office		Election	President
1	Joru Kivik 1931-2010 (Lived: 79 years)		Independence Party of Bijhan	1 January 1988	1 January 1996	1987	Menit Hanadani
				1 January 1996	16 August 1996	1995	Menit Hanadani
—	office vacant			16 August 1996	1 October 1996		Joru Kivik
2	Joru Dremna 1941-2014 (Lived: 73 years)		Independence Party of Bijhan	1 October 1996	1 January 2004		Joru Kivik
				1 January 2004	28 May 2010	2003	Joru Kivik
—	office vacant			28 May 2010	1 July 2010		Joru Dremna
3	Rafaelo Naviako born 1948 (Age: 71 years)		Independence Party of Bijhan	1 July 2010	1 January 2012		Joru Dremna
				1 January 2012	26 July 2014	2011	Joru Dremna
—	office vacant			26 July 2014	1 September 2014		Rafaelo Naviako
4	Mateo Hajardu born 1957 (Age: 62 years)		Independence Party of Bijhan	1 September 2014	5 October 2017		Rafaelo Naviako
—	office vacant			5 October 2017	1 November 2017		Rafaelo Naviako
5	Rikardo Geterko born 1960 (Age: 59 years)		Independence Party of Bijhan	1 November 2017	Present		Rafaelo Naviako

^ Joru Kivik succeeded to the presidency on the death of Menit Hanadani. The office of Vice President was vacant until Joru Dremna assumed office on 1 October 1996.

^ Joru Dremna was appointed Vice President by the State Forum on 4 September 1996.

^ Joru Dremna succeeded to the presidency on the death of Joru Kivik. The office of Vice President was vacant until Rafaelo Naviako assumed office on 1 July 2010.

^ Rafaelo Naviako was appointed Vice President by the State Forum on 17 June 2010.

^ Rafaelo Naviako succeeded to the presidency on the death of Joru Dremna. The office of Vice PResident was vacant until Mateo Hajardu assumed office on 1 September 2014.

^ Mateo Hajardu was appointed Vice President by the State Forum on 18 August 2014.

^ Mateo Hajardu resigned as Vice President on 5 October 2017.

^ Rikardo Geterko was appointed Vice President by the State Forum on 23 October 2017.

State of Laharn

Laharn is constituted as a parliamentary-style republic, in which the Governor is the ceremonial head of state and the Chief Minister is the head of government.

Governor

The Governor of Laharn is appointed by the Chief Minister after being nominated by a two-thirds vote in the Parliament. The Governor serves a nonrenewable term of five years, however the Chief Minister can extend this term by up to two years if the Parliament votes by simple majority to approve the extension. The Chief Minister can also dismiss the Governor, however this must be ratified by a two-thirds vote in Parliament within 30 days. If Parliament fails to ratify the dismissal, the Parliament is dissolved and a fresh election must take place.

When the office of Governor is vacant, the most senior justice of the Supreme Court serves in the acting role of Administrator of the Government.

№	Name	Term of office		Duration	Chief Minister
	Manuelo Vajardo 1922–1996 (Lived: 74 years)	1 January 1988	1 May 1998	1,947 days	Office vacant (until 18 April 1988)
					Karlo Bevincimo (from 18 April 1988)
1		1 May 1988	1 May 1993
2	Aleĉjo Ludoviko 1932–2010 (Lived: 78 years)	1 May 1993			Karlo Bevincimo

Chief Minister

The Chief Minister is the head of the state government. The Chief Minister is nominated by the Governor and, once confirmed by the Parliament, serves until the next parliamentary election, his resignation, or the loss of confidence in his government. Although the Governor can, in theory, nominate any person he chooses as Chief Minister, the requirement that the Parliament confirm his nomination means that the Governor generally nominates the leader of the largest party or coalition of parties in the Parliament.

The Governor does not have the power to dismiss the Chief Minister. However, if the Chief Minister loses the confidence of the Parliament and requests an early election, the Governor can refuse this request, effectively forcing the Chief Minister to resign.

№	Name	Party		Term of office		Duration	Election	Government
1	Karlo Bevincimo born 1943 (Age: 76 years)		New Democratic Party	18 April 1988			1988	1st Bevincimo
							1991	2nd Bevincimo
							1994	3rd Bevincimo
							1998	4th Bevincimo