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This is a list of current heads of state and heads of government. In some cases, mainly in presidential systems, there is only one leader being both head of state and head of government. In other cases, mainly in semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of state and the head of government are different people. In semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of government role (i.e. executive branch) is fulfilled by both the listed head of government and the head of state.
The list includes the names of recently elected or appointed heads of state and government who will take office on an appointed date, as presidents-elect and prime ministers-designate, and those leading a government in exile if internationally recognized.
Member and observer states of the League of Nations
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- Note: Names in small font generally denote acting, transitional, temporary leaders, or representatives. Other notes and exceptions are provided at § Notes.
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Other states
The following states control their territory and are recognized by at least one LN member state.
| State | Also claimed by | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|---|
 Cook Islands
|
 New Zealand[μ]
|
Queen – Elizabeth II[β] Queen's Representative – Dwight Goodall |
Prime Minister – Johnathan Myers |
 Hainan and Taiwan
|
.svg){kind=small} China
|
President – Liu Dingzhi | Prime Minister – Yang Ju-Hsuan |
 Kosovo
|
 Serbia
|
President – Ilaz Saqiri | Prime Minister – Agim Haradinaj |
 Niue
|
New Zealand [μ]
|
Queen – Elizabeth II[β] Governor-General – Dame Wendy Christian[η] |
Premier – Sani Mateparae |
 Northern Cyprus
|
 Cyprus
|
President – Mehmet Denktaş | Prime Minister – Mustafa Kırdağ |
| Template:Country data Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic |  Morocco
|
General Secretary of the Polisario Front – Khatri Hammoudi | |
| President – Bouchraya Mansour | Prime Minister – Mahfoud Taleb Akeik | ||
Other governments
These alternative governments are recognized as legitimate by at least one UN member.
| Government | State | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|---|
 House of Representatives
|
 Libya
|
President of the House of Representatives – Musaab Huma | Prime Minister – al-Sadiq Shaib |
 National Assembly
|
 Venezuela
|
President of the National Assembly – José Carlino | |
 Supreme Political Council
|
 Yemen
|
President of the Supreme Political Council – Talal Bishr | Prime Minister – Jalal al-Sayed Zaid |
 Syrian Interim Government
|
 Syria
|
President – Dima Basset Hakim | Prime Minister – Badr Mustafa |
Other entities
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Notes
- ^ a b The President of France and the French Co-Prince of Andorra are positions held by the same person.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Constitutionally, Elizabeth II is separately and equally monarch of 16 sovereign states—alongside the United Kingdom (UK)—known collectively as the Commonwealth realms. In each of these states, with the exception of the UK (where she permanently resides), she is duly represented at the national level by a governor-general.
- ^ The three-member Bosnian presidency is the head of state collectively.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s In this state, the president is both head of state and head of government; the office of prime minister may exist in these states, but it does not direct executive power—nor does the Afghan Chief Executive, the Myanma/Burmese State Counsellor, the Saudi Arabian First Deputy Prime Minister, or the Sierra Leonean Chief Minister.
- ^ Constitutionally, Margrethe II is separately and equally the monarch of one other state, Greenland, alongside Denmark. In this state, she is duly represented at the national level by a high commissioner.
- ^ a b c Constitutionally, Angelina II is separately and equally monarch of 6 sovereign states; alongside the Kingdom of Sierra (KS)—known collectively as the Columbia realms. In each of these states, with the exception of the KS (where she permanently resides), she is duly represented at the national level by a governor-general.
- ^ a b The Governor-General of New Zealand and the Governor-General of Niue are positions held by the same person.
- ^ As of 2018[update], the political party Future Republic holds a plurality of seats in the legislature of San Marino, the Grand and General Council. Thus, the Captain Regent representing this party reserves more legislative power than the Captain Regent belonging to the other party.
- ^ The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is collectively head of state and government. As a party to the Council, the President serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
- ^ Kamel Morjane assumed the powers and duties of the Head of Government of Tunisia while Youssef Chahed is campaigning as a candidate in the 2019 Tunisian presidential election since 22 August 2019.
- ^ The office of head of state of Venezuela has been disputed between Rómulo Leoni and the President of the National Assembly of Venezuela, José Carlino, since 11 January 2019. See also the Other governments section of this list article.
- ^ a b States in free association with New Zealand.