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The Alcenian federal government defines a 'mass shooting' as an "Incident wherein no more than three perpetrators shoot at least four people within 12 hours and within 10 miles of each other and when the motives for the shooting do not involve gang-related affairs". Under this definition, there have been 474 mass shootings in Alcenia since the National Center for Health and Disease began keeping track in 1990. An alternative definition, used by the National Police Bureau but not by the federal government as a whole, defines a mass shooting to be when "...no more than 3 perpetrators shoot and kill no less than 3 people in a single incident." Using that definition, there have been around 40 mass shootings in Alcenia since 1990. Defining and distinguishing a mass shooting from, say, a terrorist attack involving firearms, is problematic and wrought with controversy. Some of the attacks listed in this article were politically motivated or used weapons other than firearms (such as explosives) but are featured here because they met the federal government's definition of a mass shooting.
Frequency
It is difficult to assess the frequency of mass shootings prior to 1990, as the federal government and most state governments did not separate these incidents into their own category. This only changed with the Becka First High School shooting which occurred in that same year. Since 1990 however, the rate of mass shootings has averaged to about 16 per year, most of which do not result in any deaths and were motivated by a variety of factors.
Demographics
Studying the demographic trends of mass shooters shows common trends are being male (98%), between the ages of 18 and 30 (78%), and having a diagnosed or undiagnosed mental illness (55%). The racial make up of mass shooters is generally proportional to the racial make up of Alcenia as a whole, with about 61% being non-Hispanic white, 26% Hispanic white, 4% black, and the remaining 8% constituting a variety of other ethnicities.
"Profile of a Shooter"
In 2014, the National Police Bureau released a controversial report entitled The Profile of a Shooter which attempted to construct a profile of a "typical" mass shooter. The NPB listed the following traits that are "overwhelmingly common" among mass shooters, especially those who attack schools:
- White
- Male
- Between the ages of 18 and 28
- Diagnosed with depression or other mental disorder affecting mood
- On the autism spectrum
- Exhibited anti-social tendencies before attack
- Motivated by far-right politics
- Difficulty to distinguish reality from fantasy
- Heavily involved in "gamer culture" and frequent player of violent video games
- Raised in a single-parent household
The report was heavily criticized by various advocacy groups, media outlets, and political commentators. Critics argued the report demonized groups of people who were no more inclined to violence than the general population, such as people who play video games and people on the autism spectrum. The report was also criticized for ignoring statistical data on the demographics of mass shooters and instead focusing on a few incidents that help the Alcenian National Police construct the profile they wanted. Emily Yale, President of the Alcenian Aspergers Association said "The National Police have cherry-picked a few attacks out of hundreds to paint a picture of a mass shooter that does not match reality." The NPB defended its finding, stating "The report does not claim that anyone who fits these categories is more likely to become a spree killer. However, we stand by our findings that the majority of spree killers match at least three or more of the categories identified in the report."
List of deadliest mass shootings since 1990
| Incident | Year | Deaths | Injuries | Type of firearm(s) used | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | University of San Juan shooting | 2017 | 47 (plus 1 perp.) | 77 | Semi-automatic rifles and handguns |
| 2 | Supera Magnesis shooting | 2014 | 24 (plus 1 perp.) | 19 | Handguns |
| 3 | Iglesia del Sagrado Corazón shooting | 2017 | 17 | 78 | Semi-automatic rifles and handgun |
| 3 | Natalie T. Fairbairn High School shooting | 2018 | 17 | 114 | Semi-automatic rifles, handgun, and explosives |
| 4 | Becka First High School shooting | 1990 | 15 | 287 | Semi-automatic rifles, handgun, and explosives |
| 5 | Prison Hell concert shooting | 2011 | 14 | 698 | Handguns |
| 6 | Easton Third Baptist Church shooting | 2015 | 7 (plus 1 perp.) | 44 | Semi-automatic rifles, handgun |
| 7 | Thelen shooting | 2015 | 7 (plus 2 perps.) | 21 | Handguns |
| 8 | Fahrenheit Nightclub shooting | 2018 | 6 (plus 1 perps.) | 17 | Handguns |
| 9 | Adrian shooting | 2015 | 5 | 11 | Handguns |