Tugga

Kingdom of Tugga Karajaan Tugga
Flag Coat of arms of Tugga Coat of arms
Motto: Hani perpaduan yang membuat kit bersama Only unity keeps us together
Capital and largest city	Bandairaja
Official languages	Tugganese
Recognized languages	Burmese, Thai
Religion	Islam, Buddism, see Religion in Tugga
Demonym(s)	Tugganese
Government	Federal parliamentary monarchy
• King	Harsh II
• Prime Minister	Veda Tamboli
Area
• Total	285,673 km2 (110,299 sq mi)
Population
• Estimate	34,379,677 (2018)

Tugga (Tugganese: Tugga), officially the Kingdom of Tugga (Tugganese: Karajaan Tugga), is a federal constitutional monarchy located in Southeast Asia. It consists of nineteen kawans, one federal capital district and one special territory and has a total landmass of 285,673 square kilometres. The country shares borders with Myanmar, Thailand, Singapore and Indonesia. The capital city is Bandairaja, home to the parliament, the royal family and the king. With a population of over 34 million, Tugga is the world's 40th most populous country. The southernmost point of continental Eurasia, Tanjung Piai, is in Tugga. Located in the tropics, Tugga is one of megadiverse countries, with large numbers of endemic species.

Historically and demographically, the country is split into two regions - North Tugga and South Tugga. The northern part of the country is predominantly Buddhist. North Tugga is home to the largest ethnic minorities of Tugga, including Myanmar, Siamese, Mon and Hann. The south is mainly Muslim, with Tugganese and Malay peoples inhabiting the area. The capital district is considered as being its own unit, however, historically it was seen as a part of North Tugga.

The current Kingdom of Tugga was established in the aftermath of the war of Two Tuggas, which broke out due to stark differences between the two parts of the country. King TBD was able to overcome those differences and find a balance between Muslim and Buddhist population. His rule kickstarted the Six Great Kings era in Tugga, which saw gradual development of the kingdom.

Etymology

There are several theories on the origin of the country's name, Tugga.The most popular theory about the name's origin is that the word Tugga came from Old Tugganese tuk ga, meaning "the land of the forests", which later became "Tugga".

It is sometimes thought to come from the Sanskrit word तुङ्ग Tunga, which means "mountain" or "strong". However, this is not a common theory, since Sanskrit was never used as a widely spoken language in the area. Furthermore, the country lacks a mountainous landscape, thus it's unlikely for Tugga to be named after a word for "mountain".

Government and politics

Tugga is a federal parliamentary monarchy with a constitution. The nominal head of state is the King of Tugga, who, despite being a constitutional monarch, holds his share of powers, most famously the right to veto any decision of the government. In practice, this right is not used very often.

Tugganese parliament consists of two houses. The lower house, Council of Lawmakers, is elected from party lists. The upper, House of Kawans, is formed from representatives of each kawan of Tugga.

There are three parties dominating Tugga's political life: the conservative People's Movement representing mostly the interests of the Muslim population, the social democrat Freedom Bloc, which has the bulk of its electorate in North Tugga, and the liberal-conservative New Tugga, which is the most popular party in Tugga as well as the party of the current Tugganese Prime Minister, Veda Tamboli.

Geography

Tugga is the 73rd largest country by total land area, with a land area of 285,673 km2 (110,293 sq mi). It shares land borders with Thailand and Myanmar in the north. The country is also linked to Singapore by a narrow causeway and a bridge. Tugga also has maritime boundaries with Vietnam (through the Gulf of Thailand) and Indonesia (through the Straights of Malacca). The land borders are defined by no real geographical features like rivers or lakes, whilst some of the maritime boundaries are the subject of ongoing contention. Tugga is the only country with the territory on both the Asian mainland and the Malay archipelago (even though the Zunai Islands, the territory in the Malay Archipelago, make up less than 1% of country's total land area). Tanjung Piai, located in the southern kawan of TBD, is the southernmost tip of continental Asia.

The country is overall very humid and hot, with an average annual precipitation of over 2,000 mm (78 inches). It is intersected by three different climates: the tropical savanna climate (Köppen: Aw/As) in the far north by Thailand, the tropical monsoon climate (Köppen: Am) in the northern half of Tugga (almost entirely in the North Tugga region, but also in Bandairaja and the northern parts of South Tugga) and the tropical rainforest climate or equatorial climate (Köppen: Af) in the southern half of the country (with some additional exclaves in North Tugga).